Leukocytes: Normal Value and Cause of Normal Value

If you want to be healthy, then you must have a normal leukocyte count. The normal value of leukocytes is an important indicator of the immune system that can be known through a leukocyte count test.

Leukocytes can also experience abnormalities, namely high leukocytes and low leukocytes. The abnormal value of leukocytes is caused by a medical problem. Are the causes of leukocytes high and low? Read more about this explanation.

What is leukocytes?

Leukocytes are a component of blood produced by hemopoietic tissue and lymphatic tissue. Another term for leukocytes is white blood cells. White blood cells or leukocytes have a nucleus but are colorless.

The ability of normal leukocytes can move amoebeid and can penetrate the capillary wall or diapedesis. The function of leukocytes is to maintain the body's defenses from several problems such as infection, inflammation, or disease.

White blood cells form in the bone marrow and will spread throughout the body after being cooked. Leukocytes are blood cells consisting of several types of cells, namely basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.

Types of leukocytes

White blood cells are formed by two tissues, namely hemopoetik and limpatik. Hemopoietic tissue produces granulocytes which will be divided into basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils, while limpatic tissue produces agranulocytes which will become monocytes and lymphocytes.

The following is an explanation of several types of leukocytes:

1. Basophils

Basophils are a type of leukocytes that have granules or coarse and blue-stained granules when exposed to basic dyes. The function of basophils is to provide an allergic reaction by removing chemical histamine.

The amount of basophils is usually around 1% of the total white blood cell count. The normal value of this type of leukocyte basophils is around 0-100 cells / µL of blood. However, this value can increase or decrease in certain diseases.

The basophile value can exceed its normal value, which is more than 100 cells / µL of blood. This condition is called basophilia. Increased basophils usually indicate the presence of diseases such as inflammation, leukemia, or recovery from infectious diseases.

The number of basophils can also decrease. Generally, a decrease in basophils occurs in people who have problems with allergies, stress, or are pregnant. The condition in which the basophil value is lower than the normal value is also called basopenia.

2. Eusinofil

Eusinofil is a type of leukocyte that also has granules and has a color if colored with eosin coloring. The function of eusinofil is to provide an allergic reaction and fight infection by phagocytosis of the antigen.

The number of eucinophils is usually around 1-3% of the total amount of white blood cells. The normal value of this type of eucinophilic leukocytes is about 150 -300 cells / µL of blood. However, this value can increase or decrease in certain diseases.

The eucinophil value can exceed its normal value, which is more than 300 cells / µL of blood. This condition is referred to as eucinophilia. Increased eucinophils usually indicate a medical problem in the form of allergies, parasitic infections, chronic skin diseases, and cancer (bones, brain, testicles, and ovaries).

The number of eusinofils can also decrease. Generally, a decrease in eucinophils occurs in people who have problems such as shock, burns, bleeding, severe infections, adrenal hyperfunction, and corticosteroid therapy. Conditions in which eucinophil values ​​are lower than normal values ​​are also called eusinopenia.

3. Neutrophils

Neutrophils are a type of leukocyte that has red-blue granules, pale cytoplasm, and a dense core. The function of neutrophils is to kill bacteria by swallowing or phagocytosis. Neutrophils also play a role in reactions to inflammation.

There are two types of neutrophils, namely rod neutrophils and segment neutrophils. The normal percentage value of neutrophils is different for both types. The normal percentage of stem neutrophils is 1-5%, while for neutrogils the segment has a range of 50-70%.

The normal value of this type of leukocyte basophils is around 3 000-6000 cells / µL of blood. However, this value can increase or decrease if you have certain medical problems. There are conditions where neutrophils have increased or also called neutrophilia.

Neutrophilia has a number of neutrophils of more than 7000 cells / µL of blood. Increased neutrophils due to medical problems in the form of bacterial infections, inflammation, blood loss, poisoning (chemicals and heavy metals), and tissue necrosia.

The number of neutrophils can also decrease. Decreased neutrophils occur due to disorders of neutrophil production, drug therapy, viral infections, leukemia, and iron deficiency anemia. The condition where the neutrophil value is lower than the normal value is also called neutropenia.

4. Monocytes

Monocytes are the largest type of leukocytes with a diameter of 15-20 µm and have an oval core. The function of monocytes is to destroy antigens and clean debris cells due to inflammation or infection.

The number of monocytes is usually around 5-10% of the total amount of white blood cells. The normal value of this type of monocyte leukocytes is around 300-600 cells / µL of blood. However, this value can experience an increase or decrease due to medical indications.

The value of monocytes can exceed its normal value, which is more than 750 cells / µL of blood (in children) or 800 cells // µL of blood (in adults). This condition is called monocytosis. Monocyte increases due to infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, or fungi.

The number of monocytes can also decrease. Monocyte reduction occurs in people with problems with lymphocyte leukemia and aplastic anemia. Conditions in which monocyte values ​​are lower than normal values ​​are also called monocytopenia.

5. Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are a type of leukocytes that do not have granules and are small in size. The function of lymphocytes is to phagocytosis and form antibodies as natural immunity to certain antigens.

The lymphocyte count is usually around 20-40% of the total white blood cell count. The normal value of this type of lymphocyte leukocytes is around 1500-4000 cells / µL of blood. However, this value can experience an increase or decrease due to medical indications.

The lymphocyte value can exceed its normal value, which is more than 8000 / µl in infants and children and more than 4000 / µl of blood in adults . This condition is called lymphocytosis. Increased lymphocytes due to infectious diseases due to viral infections and chronic infections (tuberculosis, syphilis, and pertussis)

Decreasing lymphocyte values ​​can also occur. Decreased lymphocytes are also called lymphopenia, which is the value of lymphocytes less than 1000 / µl of blood in adults and less than 3000 / µl of blood in children. Lymphopenia occurs because of corticosteroid therapy and cytotoxic drugs.

Normal value of leukocytes

Normal values ​​of leukocytes differ by age category. In adults, the normal leukocyte count is 5000-10,000 / mm3. The normal value of leukocytes is different in newborns. Newborns have a normal leukocyte count of 9000-30,000 / mm3.

This number is quite large because newborns need high body defenses. Normal leukocyte values ​​in infants and children are 9000-12,000 mm3. The normal value of leukocytes adjusts to the needs of immunity according to age.

Calculate the number of leukocytes

Leukocyte count is the calculation of the number of leukocytes in the blood. How to calculate the number of leukocytes can be done manually and machine. The manual leukocyte count is known as the White Blood Cell Count (WBC) test .

High leukocytes

A person's body can experience an increase in the number of leukocytes from normal. This condition is also called the term leukocytosis. There are a number of medical problems that cause high leukocytes.

The following are some diseases that cause high leukocyte values:

1. Infection
2. Inflammation
3. Allergy
4. Leukmia
5. Necrosis (trauma, burns, surgical wounds, and heart attacks)
6. Low leukocytes

Besides leukocytosis, there are also types of abnormal leukocyte counts. The number of white blood cells can decrease from normal leukocyte values. This condition is also called the term leukopenia. There are a number of medical problems that cause low leukocytes.

The following are some diseases that cause low leukocyte values

1. Bone marrow damage due to chemotherapy or poisons
2. Disorders of the bone marrow that cannot form leukocytes
3. Lymphoma
4. Autoimmune disease
5. Sepsis infection
6. HIV disease

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