Edge Blood Smear: Definition and Function
One of the most common blood tests in the laboratory is peripheral blood smear. Examination of peripheral blood smear preparations is usually done if a person is suspected of having certain medical problems.
See a more detailed explanation of peripheral blood smear. Discover the understanding of peripheral blood smear and the function of peripheral blood smear (SADT) preparations.
The function of peripheral blood can eliminate pathogens that remain in the body. Peripheral blood has an important role in the body's immunity. Therefore, body health problems can be seen by knowing the condition of blood cells present in peripheral blood.
Examination of blood smear preparations can be done manually and automatically. Edge blood smear is done manually using a microscope, while automatically using a digital machine.
Edge blood that is examined manually using a microscope takes one day. Medical personnel responsible for peripheral blood smear are clinical pathologists.
Edge blood smear has several names in English, namely blood smear , peripheral smear, blood film, manual differential, differential slide, red blood cell morphology, erythrocyte morphology, and leukocyte differential.
The following are some of the functions of peripheral blood smear:
The results of peripheral blood smear function to diagnose the disease through evaluation of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets in peripheral blood. Examination of peripheral blood smear preparations can produce a diagnosis by evaluating.
Below are some of the things that are used as an evaluation material for peripheral blood smear examination:
Hemocytoblast will rupture into five types of daughter cells, namely Proerythroblast, Myeloblast, Lymphoblast, Monoblast, and Megakaryoblas. These five Hemositoblast cell fragments are the forerunners of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.
Mature proerythroblasts will become Polychromatic Erythroblast. Ripe Polychromatic Erythroblast also breaks into erythrocytes or red blood cells. So, erythrocytes are a type of mature blood cell.
Myeloblast, Lymphoblast, and Monoblast will become leukocytes. Mature myeloblast breaks down into Progranulocytes and subsequently mature Progranulocytes into Basophils, Eucinophils, and Neutrophils.
Mature Lymphoblast becomes Lymphocytes and Monoblasts that mature into Monocytes. Basophils, eucinophils, lymphocyte neutrofilms, and monocytes are mature leukocytes and will circulate outside the bone marrow.
There is still one fragment of hematoblast, namely Megakaryoblast.
Megakaryoblast is a large cell that will mature and break into Megakaryocytes. Mature megakaryocytes will eventually become platelets or platelets.
The result of good peripheral blood smear is that it contains many components of mature blood, namely erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. However, peripheral blood smear can also show the amount of immature blood cells compared to mature blood cells.
When many erythroblasts are found rather than erythrocytes, there are problems with red blood cells. Usually associated with medical problems such as anemia, leukemia, thalassemia, and others.
Blood smear results with more myeloblasts, lymphoblasts, and monoblasts than mature white blood cells (basophils, eucinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes) show the presence of leukocyte-related medical problems such as infection, inflammation, leukemia, and others.
If megakaryoblasts and megakaryocytes are abundant in peripheral blood smears rather than platelets, then this also indicates certain medical problems. Lack of platelets or platelets associated with hemophilia.
These special cells are usually arasites which cause damage to red blood cells, such as plasmodium (plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, plasmodium falciparum, and others).
Plasmodium is perched on red blood cells resulting in blood cells enlarging and pale due to lack of hemoglobin. These special cells will also change the shape of red blood cells.
If abnormal blood cells are found, an evaluation will be made to diagnose the disease or certain medical indications.
The following are conditions for abnormalities in red blood cells that can be seen in peripheral blood smears:
Anisocytosis
Anisocytosis is a condition of abnormal red blood cells because it has a size smaller than normal size (microsites) or larger than normal size (macrocytes).
Poikilocytosis
Poikilocytosis is also an abnormal condition in red blood cells because it has a different form than normal forms.
Anisopoikilocytosis
Anisopoikilocytosis is a condition of abnormal red blood cells because the size and shape of red blood cells are different than they should be.
See a more detailed explanation of peripheral blood smear. Discover the understanding of peripheral blood smear and the function of peripheral blood smear (SADT) preparations.
What is peripheral blood?
Edge blood is blood that flows and circulates in most of the body. The peripheral blood component consists of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (platelets).The function of peripheral blood can eliminate pathogens that remain in the body. Peripheral blood has an important role in the body's immunity. Therefore, body health problems can be seen by knowing the condition of blood cells present in peripheral blood.
What is peripheral blood smear?
The peripheral blood smear is a blood examination in the laboratory by spreading a drop of blood on a thin piece of glass. Thin edge blood on the piece of glass is then carried out with special coloring and examined further.Examination of blood smear preparations can be done manually and automatically. Edge blood smear is done manually using a microscope, while automatically using a digital machine.
Edge blood that is examined manually using a microscope takes one day. Medical personnel responsible for peripheral blood smear are clinical pathologists.
Edge blood smear has several names in English, namely blood smear , peripheral smear, blood film, manual differential, differential slide, red blood cell morphology, erythrocyte morphology, and leukocyte differential.
Examination function of peripheral blood smear preparations
The function of peripheral blood smear is to diagnose certain diseases such as infections, tumors, or degenerative diseases by evaluating red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets.The following are some of the functions of peripheral blood smear:
- Evaluate the size, shape and color (indicator of hemoglobin level) of red blood cells (morphology of red blood cells)
- Compare the size, shape, and general appearance of white blood cells with the appearance of normal cells that already exist
- Determine five different types of white blood cells and their relative percentage (manual white blood cell differential)
- Estimating the number of platelets available
- Detect, diagnose and monitor disease
Material for evaluation of peripheral blood smear
Below are some of the things that are used as an evaluation material for peripheral blood smear examination:
1. Maturity of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets
The function of peripheral blood smear is to evaluate the maturity level of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. It should be noted that the three blood components are formed or originated from one parent cell, namely Hemositoblast.Hemocytoblast will rupture into five types of daughter cells, namely Proerythroblast, Myeloblast, Lymphoblast, Monoblast, and Megakaryoblas. These five Hemositoblast cell fragments are the forerunners of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.
Mature proerythroblasts will become Polychromatic Erythroblast. Ripe Polychromatic Erythroblast also breaks into erythrocytes or red blood cells. So, erythrocytes are a type of mature blood cell.
Myeloblast, Lymphoblast, and Monoblast will become leukocytes. Mature myeloblast breaks down into Progranulocytes and subsequently mature Progranulocytes into Basophils, Eucinophils, and Neutrophils.
Mature Lymphoblast becomes Lymphocytes and Monoblasts that mature into Monocytes. Basophils, eucinophils, lymphocyte neutrofilms, and monocytes are mature leukocytes and will circulate outside the bone marrow.
There is still one fragment of hematoblast, namely Megakaryoblast.
Megakaryoblast is a large cell that will mature and break into Megakaryocytes. Mature megakaryocytes will eventually become platelets or platelets.
The result of good peripheral blood smear is that it contains many components of mature blood, namely erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. However, peripheral blood smear can also show the amount of immature blood cells compared to mature blood cells.
When many erythroblasts are found rather than erythrocytes, there are problems with red blood cells. Usually associated with medical problems such as anemia, leukemia, thalassemia, and others.
Blood smear results with more myeloblasts, lymphoblasts, and monoblasts than mature white blood cells (basophils, eucinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes) show the presence of leukocyte-related medical problems such as infection, inflammation, leukemia, and others.
If megakaryoblasts and megakaryocytes are abundant in peripheral blood smears rather than platelets, then this also indicates certain medical problems. Lack of platelets or platelets associated with hemophilia.
2. Special cell appearance
An examination of peripheral blood smear also functions to detect disease through the appearance of special cells.These special cells are usually arasites which cause damage to red blood cells, such as plasmodium (plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, plasmodium falciparum, and others).
Plasmodium is perched on red blood cells resulting in blood cells enlarging and pale due to lack of hemoglobin. These special cells will also change the shape of red blood cells.
3. Blood cell abnormalities
The function of peripheral blood smear also evaluates normal blood cells.If abnormal blood cells are found, an evaluation will be made to diagnose the disease or certain medical indications.
The following are conditions for abnormalities in red blood cells that can be seen in peripheral blood smears:
Anisocytosis
Anisocytosis is a condition of abnormal red blood cells because it has a size smaller than normal size (microsites) or larger than normal size (macrocytes).
Poikilocytosis
Poikilocytosis is also an abnormal condition in red blood cells because it has a different form than normal forms.
Anisopoikilocytosis
Anisopoikilocytosis is a condition of abnormal red blood cells because the size and shape of red blood cells are different than they should be.
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